There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood sugar is at a normal level, that is, the prevention of complications. Treatment includes diet, exercise, drug therapy, and prevention of complications.
Diet for diabetes is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps improve the condition and cope with symptoms. Yes, it will be necessary to radically review the diet and the diet. Yes, we must give up sugar and fat. And yes, there will be many restrictions on your diet. Doesn't the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread all your life inspire you? Do not get mad !
Nutrition for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main energy supplier. In diabetes, they should represent 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods containing carbohydrates are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast carbohydrates (simple). They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes of consumption and cause an instant spike in blood sugar. These are all sweets, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereal. Their use should be discontinued.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within hours. These are almost all cereals, grain bread, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will need to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radish, radish, cranberries, lemons, apples and plums can be eaten up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, rutabagas, celery, peppers, beans, citrus fruits, cherry plums, pears, peaches, cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, currants, blueberries, sweet apple varieties can be eaten, but in limited quantities. From the diet you will need to sharply limit potatoes and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes and dried fruits.
Dietary fiber, which is contained in plant foods and can lower blood sugar, is of great importance. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onion, garlic, oats, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, green leaf lettuce and certain other foods have an effecthypoglycemic.
If the rejection of sweets is difficult to tolerate, the doctor will tell you which sugar substitutes are best used in each case and in what quantities.
Fats
The amount of animal fats is reduced in the diet. This is especially true of refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You can not eat foods high in cholesterol (heart, liver and other organ meats). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of vegetable origin.
You cannot completely refuse fats, without them you will not get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They must represent 25 to 30% of the energy value of the diet.
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Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate the energy value of the food while reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, egg, cottage cheese and other dairy products, as well as legumes and protein from specialty SBCS products are recommended.
Dietary recommendations for diabetes
- Forget fried, smoked and salted. Products should be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes even carbohydrate absorption and helps avoid sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should be 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner -25%, and for the second dinner - 5- ten%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly observing the diet. This is particularly important in the case of insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The calorie content of food should be about the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regime recommended by the doctor.
A sensible and balanced approach to nutrition is the basis of good health in people with diabetes. Don't forget moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.